FEATURES OF THE THYROID MICROSTRUCTURE IN CONDITION OF CERTAIN PATHOLOGIES

Kalmin Oleg Vital'evich, Doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of sub-department of human anatomy, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), ovkalmin@gmail.com
Kalmin Oleg Olegovich, Assistant, sub-department of clinical morphology and forensic medicine with the course of oncology, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), kalmin.o.o@gmail.com

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Background. The article aims at determination of characteristics of the thyroid gland microstructure in its various forms of pathology.
Materials and methods. The authors studied promptly removed thyroids of 199 patients of both sexes aged 21 to 74 years.
Results. Nodal nontoxic goiter is characterized by the small size of the cells and nuclei, flat form of cells, elongated normochromic nucleus, intrafollicular moderate proliferation of the epithelium and diffuse lymphoid infiltration. Toxic nodular goiter is characterized by the smallest size of cells and nuclei, the cubic cell shape, rounded normochromic nucleus, intrafollicular focal proliferation of the epithelium, expressed marginal colloid vacuolation, focal lymphoid infiltration and hemorrhage. Graves' disease is characterized by an average size of cells and nuclei, the cubic cell shape, rounded normoсhromatic nucleus, rare intrafollicular epithelial proliferation and regional vacuolation of the colloid. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is characterized by the small size of the cells and nuclei, flat form of cells, rounded normochromic nucleus and pronounced lymphoid infiltration. Adenoma of the thyroid gland is characterized by the large size of the cells and nuclei, the cubic cell shape, round hyperchromic nucleus and intrafollicular diffuse proliferation of the epithelium. Thyroid cancer is characterized by the largest size of cells and nuclei, polymorphic cells, round hyperchromic nucleus, expressed intrafollicular diffuse epithelial proliferation and papillary structures with short wide papillae.
Conclusions. In case of each type of pathology the thyroid displays characteristic features of its microstructure, which must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

thyroid gland, thyroid pathology, morphometry, microstructure.

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